给定一个表达式如 expression = "e + 8 - a + 5"
和一个求值映射,如 {"e": 1}
(给定的形式为 evalvars = ["e"]
和 evalints = [1]
),返回表示简化表达式的标记列表,例如 ["-1*a","14"]
表达式交替使用块和符号,每个块和符号之间有一个空格。
块要么是括号中的表达式,要么是变量,要么是非负整数。
变量是一个由小写字母组成的字符串(不包括数字)。请注意,变量可以是多个字母,并注意变量从不具有像 "2x"
或 "-x"
这样的前导系数或一元运算符 。
表达式按通常顺序进行求值:先是括号,然后求乘法,再计算加法和减法。
例如,expression = "1 + 2 * 3"
的答案是 ["7"]
。
输出格式如下:
对于系数非零的每个自变量项,我们按字典排序的顺序将自变量写在一个项中。
例如,我们永远不会写像 “b*a*c”
这样的项,只写 “a*b*c”
。
项的次数等于被乘的自变量的数目,并计算重复项。我们先写出答案的最大次数项,用字典顺序打破关系,此时忽略词的前导系数。
项的前导系数直接放在左边,用星号将它与变量分隔开(如果存在的话)。前导系数 1 仍然要打印出来。
格式良好的一个示例答案是 ["-2*a*a*a", "3*a*a*b", "3*b*b", "4*a", "5*c", "-6"]
。
系数为 0
的项(包括常数项)不包括在内。
注意: 你可以假设给定的表达式均有效。所有中间结果都在区间 [-231, 231 - 1]
内。
示例 1:
**输入:** expression = "e + 8 - a + 5", evalvars = ["e"], evalints = [1]
**输出:** ["-1*a","14"]
示例 2:
**输入:** expression = "e - 8 + temperature - pressure",
evalvars = ["e", "temperature"], evalints = [1, 12]
**输出:** ["-1*pressure","5"]
示例 3:
**输入:** expression = "(e + 8) * (e - 8)", evalvars = [], evalints = []
**输出:** ["1*e*e","-64"]
提示:
1 <= expression.length <= 250
expression
由小写英文字母,数字 '+'
, '-'
, '*'
, '('
, ')'
, ' '
组成
expression
不包含任何前空格或后空格
expression
中的所有符号都用一个空格隔开
0 <= evalvars.length <= 100
1 <= evalvars[i].length <= 20
evalvars[i]
由小写英文字母组成
evalints.length == evalvars.length
-100 <= evalints[i] <= 100
方法一: 多项式类 【通过】 思路
构建一个 Poly
多项式类,实现这个多项式类的一些数学操作。
算法
单独实现每个方法都很直接,这里先列一下要实现的方法:
Poly:add(this, that)
返回 this + that
的结果。
Poly:sub(this, that)
返回 this - that
的结果。
Poly:mul(this, that)
返回 this * that
的结果。
Poly:evaluate(this, evalmap)
返回将所有的自由变量替换成 evalmap
指定常数之后的结果。
Poly:toList(this)
返回正确的多项式输出格式。
Solution::combine(left, right, symbol)
返回对 左边(left)
和 右边(left)
进行 symobl
操作之后的结果。
Solution::make(expr)
创造一个新的 Poly
实例来表示常数或 expr
指定的变量。
Solution::parse(expr)
将 expr
解析成一个 Poly
实例。
[solution1-Python] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 class Poly (collections.Counter): def __add__ (self, other ): self.update(other) return self def __sub__ (self, other ): self.update({k: -v for k, v in other.items()}) return self def __mul__ (self, other ): ans = Poly() for k1, v1 in self.items(): for k2, v2 in other.items(): ans.update({tuple (sorted (k1 + k2)): v1 * v2}) return ans def evaluate (self, evalmap ): ans = Poly() for k, c in self.items(): free = [] for token in k: if token in evalmap: c *= evalmap[token] else : free.append(token) ans[tuple (free)] += c return ans def to_list (self ): return ["*" .join((str (v),) + k) for k, v in sorted (self.items(), key = lambda (k, v): (-len (k), k, v)) if v] class Solution (object ): def basicCalculatorIV (self, expression, evalvars, evalints ): evalmap = dict (zip (evalvars, evalints)) def combine (left, right, symbol ): if symbol == '+' : return left + right if symbol == '-' : return left - right if symbol == '*' : return left * right raise def make (expr ): ans = Poly() if expr.isdigit(): ans.update({(): int (expr)}) else : ans[(expr,)] += 1 return ans def parse (expr ): bucket = [] symbols = [] i = 0 while i < len (expr): if expr[i] == '(' : bal = 0 for j in xrange(i, len (expr)): if expr[j] == '(' : bal += 1 if expr[j] == ')' : bal -= 1 if bal == 0 : break bucket.append(parse(expr[i+1 :j])) i = j elif expr[i].isalnum(): for j in xrange(i, len (expr)): if expr[j] == ' ' : bucket.append(make(expr[i:j])) break else : bucket.append(make(expr[i:])) i = j elif expr[i] in '+-*' : symbols.append(expr[i]) i += 1 for i in xrange(len (symbols) - 1 , -1 , -1 ): if symbols[i] == '*' : bucket[i] = combine(bucket[i], bucket.pop(i+1 ), symbols.pop(i)) if not bucket: return Poly() ans = bucket[0 ] for i, symbol in enumerate (symbols, 1 ): ans = combine(ans, bucket[i], symbol) return ans P = parse(expression).evaluate(evalmap) return P.to_list()
[solution1-Java] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 class Solution { public List<String> basicCalculatorIV (String expression, String[] evalVars, int [] evalInts) { Map<String, Integer> evalMap = new HashMap (); for (int i = 0 ; i < evalVars.length; ++i) evalMap.put(evalVars[i], evalInts[i]); return parse(expression).evaluate(evalMap).toList(); } public Poly make (String expr) { Poly ans = new Poly (); List<String> list = new ArrayList (); if (Character.isDigit(expr.charAt(0 ))) { ans.update(list, Integer.valueOf(expr)); } else { list.add(expr); ans.update(list, 1 ); } return ans; } public Poly combine (Poly left, Poly right, char symbol) { if (symbol == '+' ) return left.add(right); if (symbol == '-' ) return left.sub(right); if (symbol == '*' ) return left.mul(right); throw null ; } public Poly parse (String expr) { List<Poly> bucket = new ArrayList (); List<Character> symbols = new ArrayList (); int i = 0 ; while (i < expr.length()) { if (expr.charAt(i) == '(' ) { int bal = 0 , j = i; for (; j < expr.length(); ++j) { if (expr.charAt(j) == '(' ) bal++; if (expr.charAt(j) == ')' ) bal--; if (bal == 0 ) break ; } bucket.add(parse(expr.substring(i+1 , j))); i = j; } else if (Character.isLetterOrDigit(expr.charAt(i))) { int j = i; search : { for (; j < expr.length(); ++j) if (expr.charAt(j) == ' ' ) { bucket.add(make(expr.substring(i, j))); break search; } bucket.add(make(expr.substring(i))); } i = j; } else if (expr.charAt(i) != ' ' ) { symbols.add(expr.charAt(i)); } i++; } for (int j = symbols.size() - 1 ; j >= 0 ; --j) if (symbols.get(j) == '*' ) bucket.set(j, combine(bucket.get(j), bucket.remove(j+1 ), symbols.remove(j))); if (bucket.isEmpty()) return new Poly (); Poly ans = bucket.get(0 ); for (int j = 0 ; j < symbols.size(); ++j) ans = combine(ans, bucket.get(j+1 ), symbols.get(j)); return ans; } } class Poly { HashMap<List<String>, Integer> count; Poly() {count = new HashMap ();} void update (List<String> key, int val) { this .count.put(key, this .count.getOrDefault(key, 0 ) + val); } Poly add (Poly that) { Poly ans = new Poly (); for (List<String> k: this .count.keySet()) ans.update(k, this .count.get(k)); for (List<String> k: that.count.keySet()) ans.update(k, that.count.get(k)); return ans; } Poly sub (Poly that) { Poly ans = new Poly (); for (List<String> k: this .count.keySet()) ans.update(k, this .count.get(k)); for (List<String> k: that.count.keySet()) ans.update(k, -that.count.get(k)); return ans; } Poly mul (Poly that) { Poly ans = new Poly (); for (List<String> k1: this .count.keySet()) for (List<String> k2: that.count.keySet()) { List<String> kNew = new ArrayList (); for (String x: k1) kNew.add(x); for (String x: k2) kNew.add(x); Collections.sort(kNew); ans.update(kNew, this .count.get(k1) * that.count.get(k2)); } return ans; } Poly evaluate (Map<String, Integer> evalMap) { Poly ans = new Poly (); for (List<String> k: this .count.keySet()) { int c = this .count.get(k); List<String> free = new ArrayList (); for (String token: k) { if (evalMap.containsKey(token)) c *= evalMap.get(token); else free.add(token); } ans.update(free, c); } return ans; } int compareList (List<String> A, List<String> B) { int i = 0 ; for (String x: A) { String y = B.get(i++); if (x.compareTo(y) != 0 ) return x.compareTo(y); } return 0 ; } List<String> toList () { List<String> ans = new ArrayList (); List<List<String>> keys = new ArrayList (this .count.keySet()); Collections.sort(keys, (a, b) -> a.size() != b.size() ? b.size() - a.size() : compareList(a, b)); for (List<String> key: keys) { int v = this .count.get(key); if (v == 0 ) continue ; StringBuilder word = new StringBuilder (); word.append("" + v); for (String token: key) { word.append('*' ); word.append(token); } ans.add(word.toString()); } return ans; } }
复杂度分析