1455-检查单词是否为句中其他单词的前缀

Raphael Liu Lv10

给你一个字符串 sentence 作为句子并指定检索词为 searchWord ,其中句子由若干用 单个空格 分隔的单词组成。请你检查检索词
searchWord 是否为句子 sentence 中任意单词的前缀。

如果 searchWord 是某一个单词的前缀,则返回句子 sentence 中该单词所对应的下标( 下标从 1 开始 )。如果
searchWord 是多个单词的前缀,则返回匹配的第一个单词的下标( 最小下标 )。如果 searchWord 不是任何单词的前缀,则返回
-1 **** 。

字符串 s前缀s 的任何前导连续子字符串。

示例 1:

**输入:** sentence = "i love eating burger", searchWord = "burg"
**输出:** 4
**解释:** "burg" 是 "burger" 的前缀,而 "burger" 是句子中第 4 个单词。

示例 2:

**输入:** sentence = "this problem is an easy problem", searchWord = "pro"
**输出:** 2
**解释:** "pro" 是 "problem" 的前缀,而 "problem" 是句子中第 2 个也是第 6 个单词,但是应该返回最小下标 2 。

示例 3:

**输入:** sentence = "i am tired", searchWord = "you"
**输出:** -1
**解释:** "you" 不是句子中任何单词的前缀。

提示:

  • 1 <= sentence.length <= 100
  • 1 <= searchWord.length <= 10
  • sentence 由小写英文字母和空格组成。
  • searchWord 由小写英文字母组成。

方法一:双指针

使用 start 记录单词的起始,end 记录单词结尾的下一个位置。我们遍历字符串 sentence 并不断地分割单词,对于区间 [\textit{start}, \textit{end}) 对应的单词,判断它是否存在某一前缀等于 searchWord,如果存在直接返回该单词对应的下标 index;如果遍历完所有单词都不符合条件,返回 -1。

[sol1-Python3]
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class Solution:
def isPrefixOfWord(self, sentence: str, searchWord: str) -> int:
i, index, n = 0, 1, len(sentence)
while i < n:
start = i
while i < n and sentence[i] != ' ':
i += 1
end = i
if sentence[start:end].startswith(searchWord):
return index
index += 1
i += 1
return -1
[sol1-C++]
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class Solution {
public:
bool isPrefix(const string &sentence, int start, int end, const string &searchWord) {
for (int i = 0; i < searchWord.size(); i++) {
if (start + i >= end || sentence[start + i] != searchWord[i]) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}

int isPrefixOfWord(string sentence, string searchWord) {
int n = sentence.size(), index = 1, start = 0, end = 0;
while (start < n) {
while (end < n && sentence[end] != ' ') {
end++;
}
if (isPrefix(sentence, start, end, searchWord)) {
return index;
}

index++;
end++;
start = end;
}
return -1;
}
};
[sol1-Java]
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class Solution {
public int isPrefixOfWord(String sentence, String searchWord) {
int n = sentence.length(), index = 1, start = 0, end = 0;
while (start < n) {
while (end < n && sentence.charAt(end) != ' ') {
end++;
}
if (isPrefix(sentence, start, end, searchWord)) {
return index;
}

index++;
end++;
start = end;
}
return -1;
}

public boolean isPrefix(String sentence, int start, int end, String searchWord) {
for (int i = 0; i < searchWord.length(); i++) {
if (start + i >= end || sentence.charAt(start + i) != searchWord.charAt(i)) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
}
[sol1-C#]
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public class Solution {
public int IsPrefixOfWord(string sentence, string searchWord) {
int n = sentence.Length, index = 1, start = 0, end = 0;
while (start < n) {
while (end < n && sentence[end] != ' ') {
end++;
}
if (IsPrefix(sentence, start, end, searchWord)) {
return index;
}

index++;
end++;
start = end;
}
return -1;
}

public bool IsPrefix(string sentence, int start, int end, string searchWord) {
for (int i = 0; i < searchWord.Length; i++) {
if (start + i >= end || sentence[start + i] != searchWord[i]) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
}
[sol1-C]
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bool isPrefix(const char* sentence, int start, int end, const char* searchWord) {
int len = strlen(searchWord);
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
if (start + i >= end || sentence[start + i] != searchWord[i]) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}

int isPrefixOfWord(char * sentence, char * searchWord){
int n = strlen(sentence), index = 1, start = 0, end = 0;
while (start < n) {
while (end < n && sentence[end] != ' ') {
end++;
}
if (isPrefix(sentence, start, end, searchWord)) {
return index;
}
index++;
end++;
start = end;
}
return -1;
}
[sol1-JavaScript]
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var isPrefixOfWord = function(sentence, searchWord) {
let n = sentence.length, index = 1, start = 0, end = 0;
while (start < n) {
while (end < n && sentence[end] !== ' ') {
end++;
}
if (isPrefix(sentence, start, end, searchWord)) {
return index;
}

index++;
end++;
start = end;
}
return -1;
}

const isPrefix = (sentence, start, end, searchWord) => {
for (let i = 0; i < searchWord.length; i++) {
if (start + i >= end || sentence[start + i] !== searchWord[i]) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
};
[sol1-Golang]
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func isPrefixOfWord(sentence, searchWord string) int {
for i, index, n := 0, 1, len(sentence); i < n; i++ {
start := i
for i < n && sentence[i] != ' ' {
i++
}
end := i
if strings.HasPrefix(sentence[start:end], searchWord) {
return index
}
index++
}
return -1
}

复杂度分析

  • 时间复杂度:O(n),其中 n 是 sentence 的长度。遍历字符串 sentence 需要 O(n),前缀判断函数 isPrefix 的总时间复杂度为 O(n)。

  • 空间复杂度:O(1),只需要额外的常数级别的空间。

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1455-检查单词是否为句中其他单词的前缀